| 老年高血压患者焦虑抑郁现状及影响因素研究 |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-16 修订日期：2025-01-12 点此下载全文 |
| 引用本文：王玲,张玲,符茂真,师学敏,李四琴,邹海珍,邓奕婷,王小英,庄美红,陈飞龙,张淑梅,罗艳.老年高血压患者焦虑抑郁现状及影响因素研究[J].医学研究杂志,2025,54(7):129-134, 163 |
| DOI：
10.11969/j.issn.1673-548X.2025.07.023 |
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| 基金项目:深圳市科技计划项目(JCYJ20210324122610029)；深圳市坪山区卫生健康系统科研项目(2023210) |
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| 中文摘要:目的 研究老年高血压患者焦虑和抑郁现况及其影响因素。方法 2024年3～7月,在深圳市坪山区人民医院下属的社区健康服务中心中随机抽取4个区域社区健康服务中心作为研究现场,采用整群抽样的方法招募社区老年高血压患者作为研究对象。对研究对象进行问卷调查和体格检查,采用Logistic回归分析老年高血压患者焦虑和抑郁的影响因素。结果 共纳入624例老年高血压患者,男性281例(45.03%),女性343例(54.97%),平均年龄为68.44±6.62岁；伴抑郁和焦虑的患者占比分别为12.98%和11.86%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,无配偶(OR=2.599,95% CI:1.286～5.251)、肥胖(OR=4.133,95% CI:2.152～7.940)、合并其他慢性病(OR=3.127,95% CI:1.754～5.575)、吸烟(OR=4.003,95% CI:1.804～8.883)和总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)异常(OR=2.390,95% CI:1.265～4.515)是抑郁的危险因素,文化程度高(OR=0.382,95% CI:0.205～0.711)和饮茶1周3次以上(OR=0.261,95% CI:0.123～0.554)是抑郁的保护因素。女性(OR=3.329,95% CI:1.675～6.615)、肥胖(OR=3.314,95% CI:1.645～6.677)、合并其他慢性病(OR=4.238,95% CI:2.381～7.542)、饮酒(OR=4.101,95% CI:1.763～9.542)和TC异常(OR=2.709,95% CI:1.467～5.001)均是焦虑的危险因素,家庭月收入高是焦虑的保护因素,家庭月收入8000～20000(不含)元和≥20000元的OR(95% CI)分别为0.382(0.210～0.694)和0.341(0.152～0.768)。结论老年高血压患者抑郁的影响因素包括血脂异常、婚姻状况、文化程度、合并其他慢性病、饮茶情况、吸烟和BMI分类；焦虑的影响因素包括血脂异常、饮酒、性别、合并其他慢性病、家庭月收入和BMI分类。应针对血脂异常、无配偶、吸烟、饮酒、合并慢性病、文化程度低、家庭收入低、肥胖及女性患者采取有效干预措施。 |
| 中文关键词:高血压 焦虑 抑郁 影响因素 |
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| The Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression in Elderly Patients with Hypertension. |
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| Abstract:Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of depression and anxiety in elderly patients with hypertension. Methods From March to July 2024, four regional community health service centers were randomly selected from the community health service centers under Pingshan District People′s Hospital in Shenzhen as the research site. Cluster sampling was used to recruit elderly hypertensive patients in the community as the research subjects. A questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted on the subjects, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depression and anxiety in elderly hypertensive patients. Results A total of 624 elderly patients with hypertension were included, including 281males(45.03%) and 343 females(54.97%), with an average age of 68.44±6.62 years. The proportion of patients with depression and anxiety was 12.98% and 11.86%, respectively. The Logistic regression analysis showed that lack of spouse, obesity, with other chronic diseases, smoking and abnormal total cholesterol were risk factors for depression, and OR values and 95% CI was 2.599(1.286-5.251), 4.133(2.152-7.940), 3.127(1.754-5.575), 4.003(1.804-8.883), and 2.390(1.265-4.515), respectively. A high level of education and drinking tea more than three times a week monthly were protective factors for depression, with OR values and 95% CI was 0.382(0.205-0.711) and 0.261(0.123-0.554), respectively. Female, obesity, with other chronic diseases, drinking alcohol and abnormal total cholesterol were risk factors for anxiety, with OR values and 95% CI was 3.329(1.675-6.615), 3.314(1.645-6.677), 4.238(2.381-7.542), 4.101(1.763-9.542) and 2.709(1.467-5.001), respectively. High monthly household income was a protective factor for anxiety, with OR values and 95% CI was 0.382(0.210-0.694) and 0.341(0.152-0.768) for monthly household income of 8000-20000(not including) yuan and ≥20000 yuan, respectively. Conclusion The influencing factors of depression in elderly hypertensive patients include marital status, BMI classification, with other chronic diseases, educational level, tea consumption, smoking and dyslipidemia. The influencing factors of anxiety include dyslipidemia, gender, with other chronic diseases, monthly family income, BMI classification and drinking alcohol. Effective intervention measures should be taken for patients with dyslipidemia, lack of spouse, smoking, alcohol consumption, combined with other chronic diseases, low educational level, low family income, obesity, and female patients. |
| keywords:Hypertension Anxiety Depression Influence factor |
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